These controversies regarding the relationships among citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs may be due to the ways that OCBs are measured. Within the literature, OCBs have often been outlined as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.2). Other-rated measurements are struggling to recognize the behavioural motivations underlying OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4